Thursday, March 06, 2008

Hakuna Matata: Problem-Free Philosophy?

Have you seen Disney's animated feature The Lion King? It's a pretty good story, and you should take a look if you've never had the chance. Maybe you could watch it with a kid if you feel strange about watching it alone...but you'll need to be prepared to explain a few things about the philosophical meaning to more inquisitive children afterward.

In The Lion King, several cartoon animals face the types of problems that come up each and every day on the African Savannah. Death, food shortage, lion pride politics, romance, annoying bird assistants, the conflicts are nearly endless. With so much going on in the story, the writers developed a vibrant underlying philosophical ecosystem as active as the one present in the variety of animals in the film. In this post I only have time for a cursory view of the highlighted philosophy from the movie, the philosophy of Hakuna Matata. (Though I may re-visit this film in the future. I'm finding it chock full of philosophical interestingness!)

"Hakuna matata," literally translated from the original Swahili, means "there are no worries here." In The Lion King, the main propagators of this philosophy are Timon (a meerkat masterfully voiced by Nathan Lane) and Pumbaa (a warthog voiced by Ernie Sabella). These two are an unlikely but lovable pair of jokesters who foist this philosophy on young king Simba after he ostracizes himself from lion society. The main thrust of the hakuna matata philosophy can be derived from the song these two sing by the same name (scored by Elton John, lyrics by Tim Rice).

Hakuna matata
What a wonderful phrase.
Hakuna matata
Ain't no passin' craze!
It means no worries
For the rest of your days.
It's our problem-free philosophy,
Hakuna matata.

It's really quite a catchy tune and is stuck in my head at the moment. Hopefully this link helps get it stuck in your head too. Timon and Pumbaa explain in the song that Pumbaa, much like Simba, is an outcast from his society (though in Pumbaa's case it's due to extreme flatulence). His primary coping mechanism is to not worry about it. In fact, this is really the only tenet of the hakuna matata philosophy that anyone need remember. "No worries," applies to everything from being completely rejected by family, friends, and society to munching on disgusting grubs for nutrition. It seems like a pleasant enough guiding principle for life at the outset, but when applied to reality, it yields some terrifying results.

First of all, it gets Simba, a lion and carnivore of the first order, to eat bugs from under a log. Then he grows up and turns into a hedonistic jerk by the time his boyhood girlfriend Nala finds him. To top it all off, he initially has no interest in saving his pride from the wrath of his evil uncle Scar, and would rather just lie around all day with Timon and Pumbaa like a bunch of gonge-toking hippies. Don't worry about it, hakuna matata. Nothing but dirty bugs to eat? Hakuna matata. Evil uncle took over as king and is driving lion society into the crapper? Hakuna matata. Hyenas gnawing your legs off from under you? Hakuna matata. No freaking worries. This is principle?

Any philosophy that puts a grass skirt and lay on a meerkat and an apple in the mouth of a warthog (in clear reference to roasted pig at a Hawaiian luau) while they mug to the camera certainly has a problem or two!

So what? So there's some questionable philosophy in a cartoon movie for kids. So. What? Well, every piece of art (written art in particular), from an episode of Rosanne to Shakespeare's Hamlet has a point it's trying to get across to the audience. In the case of a Disney feature of The Lion King's importance, the audience contains an incredibly large number of children. Even though Simba ultimately mostly rejects hakuna matata in favor of a life in politics, it is presented throughout the movie as a valid, happy, and successful way of life. It seems to be presented as more important than (though not exclusive to) the equally dangerous "Circle of Life" philosophy. As I said, there's a lot to get into in a full examination of the movie, and I may do more in the future. This movie was heavily imprinted on me (all of this is written basically from memory) and I was even probably a little "too old" for it when it first came out. The sort of long-term damage that fables of all kinds can do to impressionable and curious kids is very real. Though this blog post is partly tongue-in-cheek, the relevance of that fact is as strong in The Lion King as it is in something like the story of the three pigs and the big bad wolf. These are moral instructions for kids, and if we want to live in a more moral world, we'd do well to make sure we're not feeding junk philosophy to the hungry brains of children.

So, hakuna matata: is it problem-free philosophy, as advertised? Far from it. Hedonistic procrastination is ultimately an extraordinarily lonely way of life, because it doesn't take into account the cooperative nature of productive interaction. So how should we live? I guess I owe it to my readers to actually lay out my philosophical position before I go much further. I think I've found a great starting point, but it's something that should exist separate from a post on The Lion King though, so I'll begin a multi-part series on my philosophy soon.

10 comments:

Jason McLaughlin said...

This idea occurred to me as I was falling asleep, as do many of my favorite ideas. When do you come up with your best ideas? Dreams? The shower? Just before a deadline? I'm interested to know!

Anonymous said...

I really enjoy your blog, Jason. Your writing is very entertaining, keep it up!

As for my ideas, they usually occur to me in the car or the shower/bath. The toilet seems to be an idea factory as well, as strange as it may seem!

Anonymous said...

Nice entry. I will certainly pass it along.
I was also a bit "too old" when the Lion King came out, but my little brother watched it about 30 times...in a house with only 1 VCR, that meant I watched it about 30 times. My (admittedly foggy) impression about the Hakuna Matata philosophy was that it was a selfish way to avoid any real responsibility, and that Timon and Pumbaa were the traditional jokesters or tempters in African folklore. I think that in the storyline, it made sense as a temporary coping mechanism so that without the assistance of the pride, Simba could grow up physically, in exile/safety, to the point where he could return to challenge his uncle without being killed.
I am curious about your thoughts on the effect of lies told to children - i.e. the lie that Simba killed his father, which he obviously did not.
Ideas typically occur to me when I'm gaming, actually. I like having some mundane puzzle to solve with one part of my brain, which frees up the other side to contemplate ideas. YMMV.

Jason McLaughlin said...

Thanks for the comments nexalacer and melbell. I definitely considered that Timon and Pumbaa were the folk jokesters you mentioned in your comment. There was some concern for me around whether I was mischaracterizing their moral purpose in the story or not, but I feel like I still made the right choice.

Simba growing up with Timon and Pumbaa does certainly provide a very "convenient" way, plot-wise, of keeping him away from Scar until he's physically mature. What the movie would be unable to explain, however, is the actual effects of living "no worries." If Simba lived for years under the "hakuna matata" philosophy, he wouldn't experience a sudden switch to moral virtue. In fact, in the movie he seems to only be motivated back to lion society out of a sense of duty and guilt (and slight sexual manipulation on the part of Nala). There's no satisfactory explanation as to why someone in Simba's position would be motivated to rejoin lion society. The movie, in fact, seems to be telling kids that they shouldn't be lazy (though they really really want to), and that they should respond to duty and guilt.

Also, there is no negative consequence shown for Timon and Pumbaa, who are still living worry-free at the end of the movie (because Simba the dictator can now use force on other animals to help keep himself and his friends comfortable).

As for lies told to Simba by Scar and others throughout the movie, I think you've definitely sparked a whole other Lion King entry from me. Lots of ideas! Or maybe a series. Or maybe a whole Philosophy in The Lion King blog!!!!! Ok, that's out of hand.

MeaningfullyJack said...

"(Though I may re-visit this film in the future. I'm finding it chock full of philosophical interestingness!)"

One can find as much philosophy in this as in any cartoon/film. Nonetheless, it seems that your fifth paragraph relies heavily on your perception of involved on-screen elements, perhaps assuming that perception to be the writers' intention. I quote the following from your article, and my impressions of them:

1. A hedonistic jerk.
(I find this subjective, per common use of the term "jerk." But if you want to be nit-picky about it, he was already on his way to being an arrogant brat before he left the pride).
2. Like a bunch of gonge-toking hippies.
(Used in comparison with a scene from a family movie, this phrase doesn't seem flattering to the parties involved, in your context)
3. Nothing but dirty bugs to eat?
(The bugs were all Simba had to eat. His friends weren't carnivores, and therefore couldn't teach him to hunt for meat).

I infer from your article's conclusion that you have a very noble viewpoint behind your words. (At least, I think it is noble to aspire for the greater good of our species, and our world). I approach with that same viewpoint; my comment is neither a confrontation nor a 'defense' for the cartoon.

While I do agree that interdependence drives our society, you are aware that we don't always get to choose our roles in that process. Some aspire to be actresses, yet they work in grocery stores; are they are more functional in one role than in another? Of course not; either role exists, therefore each is just as important.

Our philosophies develop around the ways we live or want to live. The Hak-Mat philosophy was relevant to [Timon and Pumbaa's] way of life. To see it as harmful, you would have to extract the philosophy from the other elements that formed it: here, the context in which it appears in the movie.

And when you remove it from the movie, it becomes something else.

So I don't think the cartoon presented anything harmful. It could be interpreted that way -- but you need to see the world a certain way, as I have pointed out. Wasn't there a rumor concerning inappropriate insertions in this same cartoon? Something about the word "SEX" appearing in some dust particles?

That's not to imply that your article presents a rumor, of course. It should just show that the human mind can assign a pattern to almost anything. I think it's how we learn about and understand the world around us.

Enjoyable reading. Thanks for reading my comment as well.

Anonymous said...

Say, who-what now? The point you make is the one favored by the Lion King - as Nala eventually gets Simba to realize, Hakuna Matata is NOT a good philosophy, and he has to, in the end, embrace his responsibilities, stop running from his fears and his problems, and do the right thing.

Incidentally, the Lion King is nearly exactly "Hamlet" - uncle kills father, kid flops around wondering what to do about it, is visited by his father's ghost who exhorts him to revenge, and eventually ponies up and finishes off his uncle.

MeaningfullyJack said...

In the context of the story, the philosophy Simba adopted is contrary to his inherited position as leader of the Pride.

In the context of the story, it isn't enough for Simba to turn his back on the Pride. He must return to help the others.

In the context of the story, Timon and Pumbaa had nothing better to do. Yet their idling provided Simba an opportunity to grow, out of harms way.

Everything that is being viewed or criticized here appeared in ONE context only. I only wish to point out that it is unfair to attempt to apply that context to anything else. It is exactly this picking apart that leads us to see danger everywhere we look.

"Knife cuts.
Knife can kill.
Therefore, forget knife can cut, and ban it from society."

MeaningfullyJack said...

And, I might add,

:)

The author mentioned that (some of) his post was tongue-in-cheek. I'm not trying to raise hell or anything.

Anonymous said...

Just a note: Pumba and Timo do *not* continue living the Hakuna Matata in the end, but actually go into full fighting mode and help their friends and his pride out of no other motivation than, well, because it's their friend and his pride.

If they were really Hakuna Matata, they would have not joined the battle for King's Pride and risked their life.

So in the end, there is no character left that really adheres to Hakuna Matata.

Oh, and yeah, I was surprised about the missing reference to the Bear Necessities :)

Hollywood Poker Pro said...

First off, I don't think that Hakuna Matata is such a bad philosophy. Granted, carried out to the extreme, like anything else, it could be an awful thing. However, Hakuna Matata is how I live me life - at least when it comes to little unimportant annoyances and areas of stress. There are enough serious things in life to stress and worry about that staying as happy and care free as possible will do wonders for one's well-being. By no means am I saying run away from all your problems, but it doesn't always hurt to sit back, relax, and enjoy a problem-free philosophy, free of worries and stress.